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#	Question	Answer
1	What does the term reproductive health refer to?	It refers to healthy reproductive organs with normal functions and includes the emotional and social aspects of reproduction.
2	What were the programmes initiated in 1951 called?	Family planning programmes.
3	Who else plays a major role in disseminating information on reproductive health?**	Parents, close relatives, teachers and friends.
4	What is required for successful implementation of reproductive health action plans?**	Strong infrastructural facilities, professional expertise and material support.
5	Why is research on reproduction-related areas encouraged?**	To discover new methods and improve existing ones.
6	What was the world population in 2011?**	7.2 billion.
7	Through which programme was the population growth rate brought down marginally?**	Reproductive Child Health (RCH) programme.
8	What is the statutory marriageable age for females?**	18 years.
9	What is periodic abstinence?**	Avoiding coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected.
10	For how long is lactational amenorrhea effective?**	Up to a maximum period of six months following parturition.
11	What are condoms made of?**	Thin rubber/latex sheath.
12	Name the reusable barrier devices used in females.**	Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults.
13	Name the non-medicated IUD mentioned in the text.**	Lippes loop.
14	For which females are IUDs considered ideal contraceptives?**	Females who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children.
15	When should oral pills preferably be started?**	Within the first five days of the menstrual cycle.
16	How frequently is Saheli taken?**	Once a week.
17	Within how many hours of coitus can progestogens, progestogen-estrogen combinations or IUDs be used as emergency contraceptives?**	Within 72 hours of coitus.
18	What is sterilisation called in males?**	Vasectomy.
19	With whom should the selection and use of contraceptive methods be undertaken?**	Qualified medical professionals.
20	Name some possible ill-effects of contraceptives.**	Nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding and even breast cancer.
21	Why were strict conditions imposed while legalising MTP?**	To avoid misuse and to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides.
22	Which trimester abortions are much riskier?**	Second trimester abortions.
23	Which STI is considered the most dangerous?**	HIV infection.
24	Why may STIs remain undetected in infected females?**	Because infected females are often asymptomatic.
25	What is the first principle for preventing STIs?**	Avoid sex with unknown or multiple partners.
26	In India, which partner is often blamed for childlessness?**	The female partner.
27	What does IVF mean?**	Fertilisation outside the body under conditions similar to those in the body.
28	What is ZIFT?**	Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer.
29	What is GIFT?**	Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer.
30	What is Artificial Insemination (AI)?**	Artificial introduction of semen from the husband or a healthy donor into the female reproductive tract.
31	Why are ART facilities available only in a few centres?**	Because they require specialised expertise and costly equipment.
32	What does reproductive health refer to?**	Total well-being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural and social.
33	What promoted explosive population growth?**	Improved health facilities and better living conditions.
34	Why is MTP generally performed?**	To get rid of unwanted pregnancy due to rapes, casual relationship, etc., or when continuation of pregnancy could be harmful or fatal to the mother or the foetus.
35	What is infertility?**	Inability to conceive or produce children even after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation.
36	Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health. (True/False)**	True.