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#	Question	Answer
1	What is insemination?	Transfer of sperms into the female genital tract.
2	Human reproductive events occur after which stage?	Puberty.
3	Where are the testes situated?	Outside the abdominal cavity within the scrotum.
4	Where are sperms produced?	In seminiferous tubules.
5	What do Leydig cells secrete?	Testicular hormones called androgens.
6	Vas deferens receives a duct from which gland to form ejaculatory duct?	Seminal vesicle.
7	What is the enlarged end of the penis called?	Glans penis.
8	What is the function of bulbourethral glands?	Lubrication of the penis.
9	What are the functions of ovaries?	Produce ovum and ovarian hormones.
10	What does the thin epithelium of ovary enclose?	Ovarian stroma.
11	What is the funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tube near the ovary called?	Infundibulum.
12	What type of lumen does the isthmus possess?	Narrow lumen.
13	What is the cavity of the cervix called?	Cervical canal.
14	Through which structure does the uterus open into the vagina?	Through a narrow cervix.
15	Which uterine layer is made of smooth muscle?	Myometrium.
16	What is mons pubis?	It is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.
17	Is the presence or absence of hymen a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience?	No, it is not a reliable indicator.
18	Which cells secrete milk?	Cells of the alveoli secrete milk.
19	To which structure is the mammary ampulla connected?	Lactiferous duct.
20	By which process do spermatogonia multiply?	Mitotic division.
21	What are formed after the second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes?	Four equal haploid spermatids.
22	Which two gonadotropins are stimulated by GnRH?	Luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
23	What does FSH stimulate in Sertoli cells?	Secretion of factors that help in spermiogenesis.
24	What does the acrosome contain?	Enzymes that help fertilisation of the ovum.
25	For normal fertility, what percentage of sperms must show vigorous motility?	At least 40 per cent.
26	What is oogenesis?	The process of formation of a mature female gamete.
27	What are the arrested cells in prophase-I called?	Primary oocytes.
28	Into which two layers is the theca organized?	Inner theca interna and outer theca externa.
29	Which membrane surrounds the secondary oocyte?	Zona pellucida.
30	What is the menstrual cycle?	The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one.
31	Which follicle ruptures during ovulation?	Graafian follicle.
32	With which phase does the menstrual cycle begin?	The menstrual phase.
33	Lack of menstruation may indicate what condition?	Pregnancy.
34	Which hormones induce changes in the ovary and uterus during the follicular phase?	Pituitary and ovarian hormones.
35	What does the LH surge induce?	Rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the ovum (ovulation).
36	Why is a maintained endometrium necessary?	For implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.
37	Around what age do menstrual cycles cease in human beings?	Around 50 years of age.
38	To which region is the ovum transported after its release from the ovary?	Ampullary region.
39	What changes are induced in the ovum membrane during fertilisation?	Changes that block the entry of additional sperms.
40	Which hormone maintains the endometrium?	Progesterone.
41	What are the products of the second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte?	A second polar body and a haploid ovum (ootid).
42	Which sex chromosome is present in all ova?	X chromosome.
43	Which zygote develops into a male baby?	XY zygote.
44	What is a morula?	An embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres.
45	To which layer does the trophoblast attach?	Endometrium.
46	Chorionic villi are surrounded by what structures?	Uterine tissue and maternal blood.
47	Placenta acts as what type of tissue?	Endocrine tissue.
48	Increased production of hormones during pregnancy is essential for what?	Fetal growth, metabolic changes in the mother and maintenance of pregnancy.
49	Which placental hormone is abbreviated as hCG?	Human chorionic gonadotropin.
50	Which three germ layers give rise to all tissues and organs in adults?	Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
51	By the end of which month does the foetus develop limbs and digits?	By the end of the second month.
52	By the end of about how many weeks is the body covered with fine hair?	By the end of about 24 weeks (end of second trimester).
53	What is parturition?	The process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth).
54	From which gland is oxytocin released during parturition?	Maternal pituitary.
55	What is expelled from the uterus soon after the infant is delivered?	Placenta.
56	What does colostrum contain?	Several antibodies.
57	Name the three layers of the uterus.	Perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium.
58	Which structure is implanted in the uterus resulting in pregnancy?	Blastocyst.
59	Fertilisation in humans is ________.	Internal.
60	The fusion of male and female gametes is called ________.	Fertilisation.
61	What is the function of endometrium?	It undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle and is necessary for implantation and pregnancy.
62	Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/False)	True.
63	Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True/False)	True.
64	Which structure establishes vascular connection between mother and foetus?	Placenta.