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#	Question	Answer
1	Humans are sexually reproducing and ____________.	Viviparous.
2	What is parturition?	Delivery of the baby.
3	Name the components of the male reproductive system.	Pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia.
4	What is present inside each testicular lobule?	One to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules.
5	What is present in interstitial spaces outside seminiferous tubules?	Blood vessels and Leydig cells.
6	What does epididymis lead to?	Vas deferens.
7	What is the role of the special tissue in the penis?	Helps in erection to facilitate insemination.
8	Seminal plasma is rich in which substances?	Fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
9	Which are the primary female sex organs?	Ovaries.
10	What covers each ovary?	Thin epithelium.
11	From where to where does the fallopian tube extend?	From the periphery of ovary to the uterus.
12	What is the last part of the oviduct called?	Isthmus.
13	Through which structure does the uterus open into the vagina?	Cervix.
14	What is the shape of the uterus?	The uterus is like an inverted pear.
15	Which uterine layer is thin and membranous?	Perimetrium.
16	Name the components of female external genitalia.	Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris.
17	What is the clitoris?	It is a tiny finger-like structure lying at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.
18	What are the clusters of cells in mammary lobes called?	Alveoli.
19	What is formed when several mammary ducts join together?	A wider mammary ampulla.
20	When does spermatogenesis begin?	At puberty.
21	How many chromosomes are present in each secondary spermatocyte?	23 chromosomes.
22	GnRH is secreted by which part of the brain?	Hypothalamus.
23	On which cells does FSH act?	Sertoli cells.
24	Which cap-like structure covers the anterior portion of the sperm nucleus?	Acrosome.
25	For normal fertility, what percentage of sperms must have normal shape and size?	At least 60 per cent.
26	Which hormones maintain the functions of male accessory ducts and glands?	Testicular hormones (androgens).
27	At which stage are cells temporarily arrested during meiosis in oogenesis?	Prophase-I of meiosis.
28	Which follicle contains a fluid-filled cavity called antrum?	Tertiary follicle.
29	Into what does the tertiary follicle further change?	Mature follicle or Graafian follicle.
30	What is the average interval between menstruations in human females?	About 28–29 days.
31	Which follicle possesses an antrum?	Tertiary follicle.
32	Which structure stores milk before breastfeeding?	Cavities (lumens) of alveoli.
33	Under what condition does menstruation occur?	When the released ovum is not fertilised.
34	What happens to the endometrium during the follicular phase?	It regenerates through proliferation.
35	What is the LH surge?	Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during mid-cycle.
36	Why is progesterone essential?	For maintenance of the endometrium.
37	What marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle?	Menstruation due to disintegration of the endometrium.
38	Through which structures do motile sperms pass after entering the female reproductive tract?	Cervix → uterus → ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
39	Which layer of the ovum first comes in contact with the sperm?	Zona pellucida.
40	Which structure is formed after ovulation from the Graafian follicle?	Corpus luteum.
41	Completion of meiosis in the secondary oocyte is induced by what event?	Entry of the sperm into the ovum.
42	Which chromosome combination is present in human males?	XY.
43	Which zygote develops into a female baby?	XX zygote.
44	How many daughter cells are formed during cleavage?	2, 4, 8 and 16 blastomeres.
45	What is the inner group of cells attached to the trophoblast called?	Inner cell mass.
46	What projections appear on the trophoblast after implantation?	Chorionic villi.
47	What is the function of the umbilical cord?	Transport of substances to and from the embryo.
48	Which maternal hormones increase several-fold during pregnancy?	Estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin and thyroxine.
49	Which structure joins the embryo to the placenta?	Umbilical cord.
50	Which layer appears between ectoderm and endoderm?	Mesoderm.
51	How can the first sign of a growing foetus be detected?	By listening to the heart sound carefully through a stethoscope.
52	During which month does hair appear on the head of the foetus?	During the fifth month.
53	What causes expulsion of the foetus at the end of pregnancy?	Vigorous contraction of the uterus.
54	Release of which hormone is triggered by the foetal ejection reflex?	Oxytocin.
55	Through which structure is the baby expelled during parturition?	Through the birth canal.
56	What is the milk produced during the initial few days of lactation called?	Colostrum.
57	Which cells secrete androgens?	Leydig cells.
58	Which chromosome in the sperm determines the sex of the embryo?	Presence of X or Y chromosome.
59	Humans are ________.	Viviparous.
60	Ovulation is induced by which hormone?	Luteinising hormone (LH).
61	What is the function of corpus luteum?	It secretes large amounts of progesterone essential for maintenance of the endometrium.
62	Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (True/False)	False. Androgens are produced by Leydig cells.
63	Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (True/False)	True.
64	What is the ploidy of gametes and zygote in humans?	Gametes are haploid, whereas the zygote is diploid.