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#	Question	Answer
1	Humans are sexually reproducing and ____________.	Viviparous.
2	What is insemination?	Transfer of sperms into the female genital tract.
3	What does fertilisation lead to?	Formation of a zygote.
4	What is implantation?	Attachment of blastocyst to the uterine wall.
5	What is gestation?	Embryonic development after implantation.
6	What is parturition?	Delivery of the baby.
7	Human reproductive events occur after which stage?	Puberty.
8	How long does sperm formation continue in males?	Even in old men.
9	Around what age does ovum formation cease in women?	Around fifty years.
10	Where is the male reproductive system located?	In the pelvis region.
11	Name the components of the male reproductive system.	Pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia.
12	Where are the testes situated?	Outside the abdominal cavity within the scrotum.
13	What is the function of the scrotum?	Maintains low temperature necessary for spermatogenesis.
14	What is the approximate size of an adult testis?	4–5 cm long and 2–3 cm wide.
15	How many testicular lobules are present in each testis?	About 250.
16	What is present inside each testicular lobule?	One to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules.
17	Where are sperms produced?	In seminiferous tubules.
18	Which two types of cells line seminiferous tubules?	Spermatogonia and Sertoli cells.
19	What is the function of spermatogonia?	Undergo meiotic divisions leading to sperm formation.
20	What is the function of Sertoli cells?	Provide nutrition to germ cells.
21	What is present in interstitial spaces outside seminiferous tubules?	Blood vessels and Leydig cells.
22	What do Leydig cells secrete?	Testicular hormones called androgens.
23	Name the male accessory ducts.	Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens.
24	Seminiferous tubules open into vasa efferentia through which structure?	Rete testis.
25	Where is epididymis located?	Along the posterior surface of each testis.
26	What does epididymis lead to?	Vas deferens.
27	Vas deferens receives a duct from which gland to form ejaculatory duct?	Seminal vesicle.
28	What is the function of male accessory ducts?	Store and transport sperms.
29	From where does the urethra originate?	Urinary bladder.
30	What is the external opening of urethra called?	Urethral meatus.
31	What is the role of the special tissue in the penis?	Helps in erection to facilitate insemination.
32	What is the enlarged end of the penis called?	Glans penis.
33	What covers the glans penis?	A loose fold of skin called foreskin.
34	Name the male accessory glands.	Paired seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and paired bulbourethral glands.
35	What constitutes seminal plasma?	Secretions of male accessory glands.
36	Seminal plasma is rich in which substances?	Fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
37	What is the function of bulbourethral glands?	Lubrication of the penis.
38	Name the components of the female reproductive system.	Pair of ovaries, pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia.
39	Which structures support child care along with the female reproductive system?	Mammary glands.
40	Which processes are supported by the female reproductive system?	Ovulation, fertilisation, pregnancy, birth, and child care.
41	Which are the primary female sex organs?	Ovaries.
42	What are the functions of ovaries?	Produce ovum and ovarian hormones.
43	Where are ovaries located?	One on each side of the lower abdomen.
44	What is the approximate length of each ovary?	2–4 cm.
45	Ovaries are connected to which structures by ligaments?	Pelvic wall and uterus.
46	What covers each ovary?	Thin epithelium.
47	What does the thin epithelium of ovary enclose?	Ovarian stroma.
48	Into which two zones is ovarian stroma divided?	Peripheral cortex and inner medulla.
49	Which structures constitute the female accessory ducts?	Oviducts (fallopian tubes), uterus, and vagina.
50	What is the approximate length of each fallopian tube?	10–12 cm.
51	From where to where does the fallopian tube extend?	From the periphery of ovary to the uterus.
52	What is the funnel-shaped part of the fallopian tube near the ovary called?	Infundibulum.
53	What are fimbriae?	Finger-like projections on the edges of infundibulum.
54	What is the function of fimbriae?	Help in collection of ovum after ovulation.
55	Which part follows the infundibulum in the oviduct?	Ampulla.
56	What is the last part of the oviduct called?	Isthmus.
57	What type of lumen does the isthmus possess?	Narrow lumen.
58	What is another name for uterus?	Womb.
59	What is the shape of the uterus?	Inverted pear-shaped.
60	What supports the uterus?	Ligaments attached to the pelvic wall.
61	Through which structure does the uterus open into the vagina?	Cervix.
62	What is the cavity of the cervix called?	Cervical canal.
63	Which structures together form the birth canal?	Cervical canal and vagina.
64	Which part of the oviduct has a narrow lumen and joins the uterus?	The isthmus has a narrow lumen and joins the uterus.
65	What is another name for the uterus?	The uterus is also called the womb.
66	What is the shape of the uterus?	The uterus is like an inverted pear.
67	Through which structure does the uterus open into the vagina?	Through a narrow cervix.
68	What is the cavity of the cervix called?	The cavity of the cervix is called the cervical canal.
69	Which structures together form the birth canal?	The cervical canal along with the vagina forms the birth canal.
70	Name the three layers of the uterine wall.	Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium.
71	Which uterine layer is thin and membranous?	Perimetrium.
72	Which uterine layer is made of smooth muscle?	Myometrium.
73	Which uterine layer lines the uterine cavity?	Endometrium.
74	Which uterine layer undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle?	Endometrium.
75	Which layer exhibits strong contractions during delivery of the baby?	Myometrium.
76	Name the components of female external genitalia.	Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris.
77	What is mons pubis?	It is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.
78	What are labia majora?	They are fleshy folds of tissue extending down from the mons pubis and surrounding the vaginal opening.
79	What are labia minora?	They are paired folds of tissue under the labia majora.
80	Which membrane often partially covers the vaginal opening?	Hymen.
81	What is the clitoris?	It is a tiny finger-like structure lying at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening.
82	Is the presence or absence of hymen a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience?	No, it is not a reliable indicator.
83	What is characteristic of all female mammals?	A functional mammary gland.
84	What do mammary glands contain?	Glandular tissue and a variable amount of fat.
85	Into how many mammary lobes is each breast divided?	15–20 mammary lobes.
86	What are the clusters of cells in mammary lobes called?	Alveoli.
87	Which cells secrete milk?	Cells of the alveoli secrete milk.
88	Where is milk stored in the mammary gland?	In the cavities (lumens) of alveoli.
89	Into what do alveoli open?	Mammary tubules.
90	What is formed by the joining of tubules of each lobe?	A mammary duct.
91	What is formed when several mammary ducts join together?	A wider mammary ampulla.
92	To which structure is the mammary ampulla connected?	Lactiferous duct.
93	Through which structure is milk expressed during breastfeeding?	Through the nipple.
94	What is gametogenesis?	It is the process by which testes and ovaries produce gametes, i.e., sperms and ovum respectively.
95	What is the process of sperm production called?	Spermatogenesis.
96	When does spermatogenesis begin?	At puberty.
97	By which process do spermatogonia multiply?	Mitotic division.
98	How many chromosomes are present in each spermatogonium?	46 chromosomes.
99	Which spermatogonia periodically undergo meiosis?	Primary spermatocytes.
100	What are formed after the first meiotic division of a primary spermatocyte?	Two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes.
101	How many chromosomes are present in each secondary spermatocyte?	23 chromosomes.
102	What are formed after the second meiotic division of secondary spermatocytes?	Four equal haploid spermatids.
103	What is the process of transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa called?	Spermiogenesis.
104	What is spermiation?	Release of spermatozoa from seminiferous tubules after spermiogenesis.
105	Which hormone increases significantly at puberty to initiate spermatogenesis?	Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
106	GnRH is secreted by which part of the brain?	Hypothalamus.
107	Which two gonadotropins are stimulated by GnRH?	Luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
108	On which cells does LH act?	Leydig cells.
109	Which hormones are secreted by Leydig cells?	Androgens.
110	What is the role of androgens?	They stimulate spermatogenesis.
111	On which cells does FSH act?	Sertoli cells.
112	What does FSH stimulate in Sertoli cells?	Secretion of factors that help in spermiogenesis.
113	What are the four parts of a sperm?	Head, neck, middle piece and tail.
114	Which membrane envelops the entire body of the sperm?	Plasma membrane.
115	What does the sperm head contain?	An elongated haploid nucleus.
116	Which cap-like structure covers the anterior portion of the sperm nucleus?	Acrosome.
117	What does the acrosome contain?	Enzymes that help fertilisation of the ovum.
118	Which part of the sperm contains numerous mitochondria?	Middle piece.
119	What is the function of mitochondria in the middle piece?	They produce energy for movement of the tail and facilitate sperm motility essential for fertilisation.
120	Approximately how many sperms are ejaculated by a human male during coitus?	About 200 to 300 million sperms.
121	For normal fertility, what percentage of sperms must have normal shape and size?	At least 60 per cent.
122	For normal fertility, what percentage of sperms must show vigorous motility?	At least 40 per cent.
123	Through which structures are sperms transported after release from seminiferous tubules?	Through the accessory ducts.
124	Secretions from which organs are essential for maturation and motility of sperms?	Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate.
125	What constitutes semen?	Seminal plasma along with sperms.
126	Which hormones maintain the functions of male accessory ducts and glands?	Testicular hormones (androgens).
127	What is oogenesis?	The process of formation of a mature female gamete.
128	During which stage is oogenesis initiated?	During the embryonic development stage.
129	What are the gamete mother cells formed in the fetal ovary called?	Oogonia.
130	Are new oogonia formed after birth?	No, no more oogonia are formed and added after birth.
131	At which stage are cells temporarily arrested during meiosis in oogenesis?	Prophase-I of meiosis.
132	What are the arrested cells in prophase-I called?	Primary oocytes.
133	What is a primary follicle?	A primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells.
134	Approximately how many primary follicles remain in each ovary at puberty?	60,000–80,000 primary follicles.
135	What are secondary follicles?	Primary follicles surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells and a new theca.
136	Which follicle contains a fluid-filled cavity called antrum?	Tertiary follicle.
137	Into which two layers is the theca organized?	Inner theca interna and outer theca externa.
138	Which cell completes the first meiotic division inside the tertiary follicle?	Primary oocyte.
139	What are formed after the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte?	A large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body.
140	Which cell retains the bulk of nutrient-rich cytoplasm?	Secondary oocyte.
141	Into what does the tertiary follicle further change?	Mature follicle or Graafian follicle.
142	Which membrane surrounds the secondary oocyte?	Zona pellucida.
143	What is ovulation?	Release of the secondary oocyte (ovum) from the ovary by rupture of the Graafian follicle.
144	In which animals is the reproductive cycle called menstrual cycle?	Female primates such as monkeys, apes and human beings.
145	What is menarche?	The first menstruation beginning at puberty.
146	What is the average interval between menstruations in human females?	About 28–29 days.
147	What is the menstrual cycle?	The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one.
148	How many ova are released during each menstrual cycle?	One ovum.
149	Name the cap-like structure on the sperm head.	Acrosome.
150	Name the hormone-maintained male accessory glands and ducts.	The male accessory ducts are: rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens. The accessory glands are: paired seminal vesicles, prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands.
151	Which follicle possesses an antrum?	Tertiary follicle.
152	Which follicle ruptures during ovulation?	Graafian follicle.
153	What surrounds the secondary oocyte?	Zona pellucida.
154	How many chromosomes are present in each secondary spermatocyte?	23 chromosomes.
155	What is the fate of spermatids?	They are transformed into spermatozoa by spermiogenesis.
156	Which structure stores milk before breastfeeding?	Cavities (lumens) of alveoli.
157	With which phase does the menstrual cycle begin?	The menstrual phase.
158	How long does menstrual flow last?	3–5 days.
159	Menstrual flow occurs due to the breakdown of which structure?	Endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels.
160	Through which structure does menstrual fluid come out?	Through the vagina.
161	Under what condition does menstruation occur?	When the released ovum is not fertilised.
162	Lack of menstruation may indicate what condition?	Pregnancy.
163	Name two other causes of absence of menstruation mentioned in the text.	Stress and poor health.
164	Which phase follows the menstrual phase?	Follicular phase.
165	During the follicular phase, primary follicles develop into which structure?	A fully mature Graafian follicle.
166	What happens to the endometrium during the follicular phase?	It regenerates through proliferation.
167	Which hormones induce changes in the ovary and uterus during the follicular phase?	Pituitary and ovarian hormones.
168	Which gonadotropins increase gradually during the follicular phase?	LH and FSH.
169	What do increasing levels of LH and FSH stimulate?	Follicular development and secretion of estrogens by growing follicles.
170	Around which day do LH and FSH reach peak levels?	Around the 14th day.
171	What is the LH surge?	Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during mid-cycle.
172	What does the LH surge induce?	Rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the ovum (ovulation).
173	Which phase follows ovulation?	Luteal phase.
174	Into what does the remaining part of the Graafian follicle transform?	Corpus luteum.
175	Which hormone is secreted in large amounts by the corpus luteum?	Progesterone.
176	Why is progesterone essential?	For maintenance of the endometrium.
177	Why is a maintained endometrium necessary?	For implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.
178	What happens to the menstrual cycle during pregnancy?	All events of the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation.
179	What happens to the corpus luteum in the absence of fertilisation?	It degenerates.
180	Degeneration of the corpus luteum causes disintegration of which layer?	Endometrium.
181	What marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle?	Menstruation due to disintegration of the endometrium.
182	Around what age do menstrual cycles cease in human beings?	Around 50 years of age.
183	What is the cessation of menstrual cycles called?	Menopause.
184	Between which two events does the normal reproductive phase extend?	Between menarche and menopause.
185	What is insemination?	Release of semen by the penis into the vagina during copulation.
186	Through which structures do motile sperms pass after entering the female reproductive tract?	Cervix → uterus → ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
187	To which region is the ovum transported after its release from the ovary?	Ampullary region.
188	Where does fertilisation take place?	In the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
189	Why do all copulations not lead to fertilisation and pregnancy?	Because fertilisation occurs only if both ovum and sperms are transported simultaneously to the ampullary region.
190	What is fertilisation?	Fusion of a sperm with an ovum.
191	Which layer of the ovum first comes in contact with the sperm?	Zona pellucida.
192	What changes are induced in the ovum membrane during fertilisation?	Changes that block the entry of additional sperms.
193	Why do these membrane changes occur?	To ensure that only one sperm fertilises an ovum.
194	Which sperm structure helps it enter the ovum?	Acrosome secretions.
195	Mid-cycle LH surge induces what event?	Ovulation.
196	Which structure is formed after ovulation from the Graafian follicle?	Corpus luteum.
197	Which hormone maintains the endometrium?	Progesterone.
198	What is the functional significance of the zona pellucida during fertilisation?	It prevents polyspermy by blocking entry of additional sperms. When a sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum, it induces changes in the membrane that block the entry of additional sperms.
199	Which reproductive event stops during pregnancy?	Menstruation.
200	Name the two landmark events defining the reproductive phase in females.	Menarche and menopause.
201	Completion of meiosis in the secondary oocyte is induced by what event?	Entry of the sperm into the ovum.
202	What are the products of the second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte?	A second polar body and a haploid ovum (ootid).
203	Formation of a zygote occurs by fusion of which nuclei?	The haploid nucleus of the sperm and the haploid nucleus of the ovum.
204	What is the chromosome number of the zygote?	Diploid (46 chromosomes).
205	Which chromosome combination is present in human females?	XX.
206	Which chromosome combination is present in human males?	XY.
207	Which sex chromosome is present in all ova?	X chromosome.
208	Which sex chromosomes can be present in sperms?	Either X or Y chromosome.
209	What percentage of sperms carry X chromosome?	50 per cent.
210	What percentage of sperms carry Y chromosome?	50 per cent.
211	Which zygote develops into a female baby?	XX zygote.
212	Which zygote develops into a male baby?	XY zygote.
213	According to the text, who determines the sex of the baby?	The father.
214	What is cleavage?	Mitotic division of the zygote as it moves through the isthmus of the oviduct towards the uterus.
215	Which cells are formed during cleavage?	Blastomeres.
216	How many daughter cells are formed during cleavage?	2, 4, 8 and 16 blastomeres.
217	What is a morula?	An embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres.
218	Into what does the morula transform?	Blastocyst.
219	How are blastomeres arranged in the blastocyst?	Into an outer trophoblast and an inner cell mass.
220	What is the outer layer of the blastocyst called?	Trophoblast.
221	What is the inner group of cells attached to the trophoblast called?	Inner cell mass.
222	To which layer does the trophoblast attach?	Endometrium.
223	What does the inner cell mass differentiate into?	Embryo.
224	What is implantation?	Embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium of the uterus.
225	Implantation leads to what condition?	Pregnancy.
226	What projections appear on the trophoblast after implantation?	Chorionic villi.
227	Chorionic villi are surrounded by what structures?	Uterine tissue and maternal blood.
228	What is placenta?	A structural and functional unit formed jointly by chorionic villi and uterine tissue between the developing embryo and maternal body.
229	What are the two major functions of the placenta?	Supply of oxygen and nutrients and removal of carbon dioxide and waste materials.
230	Through which structure is the placenta connected to the embryo?	Umbilical cord.
231	What is the function of the umbilical cord?	Transport of substances to and from the embryo.
232	Placenta acts as what type of tissue?	Endocrine tissue.
233	Name the hormones produced by the placenta.	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), estrogens and progestogens.
234	Which hormone is secreted by the ovary in the later phase of pregnancy?	Relaxin.
235	Which hormones are produced only during pregnancy according to the text?	hCG, hPL and relaxin.
236	Which maternal hormones increase several-fold during pregnancy?	Estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin and thyroxine.
237	Increased production of hormones during pregnancy is essential for what?	Fetal growth, metabolic changes in the mother and maintenance of pregnancy.
238	What is the embryo with 8–16 blastomeres called?	Morula.
239	Which layer of the blastocyst forms the embryo?	Inner cell mass.
240	Which layer of the blastocyst attaches to the endometrium?	Trophoblast.
241	Which structure joins the embryo to the placenta?	Umbilical cord.
242	Which placental hormone is abbreviated as hCG?	Human chorionic gonadotropin.
243	Which placental hormone is abbreviated as hPL?	Human placental lactogen.
244	Which process results in pregnancy?	Implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium.
245	Into which two layers does the inner cell mass differentiate immediately after implantation?	Ectoderm and endoderm.
246	Which layer appears between ectoderm and endoderm?	Mesoderm.
247	Which three germ layers give rise to all tissues and organs in adults?	Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
248	Which cells present in the inner cell mass have the potency to give rise to all tissues and organs?	Stem cells.
249	What is the duration of human pregnancy?	Nine months.
250	Which organ is formed after one month of pregnancy?	The embryo's heart.
251	How can the first sign of a growing foetus be detected?	By listening to the heart sound carefully through a stethoscope.
252	By the end of which month does the foetus develop limbs and digits?	By the end of the second month.
253	By the end of how many weeks are most major organ systems formed?	By the end of 12 weeks (first trimester).
254	Which structures are well developed by the end of the first trimester?	Limbs and external genital organs.
255	During which month are the first movements of the foetus usually observed?	During the fifth month.
256	During which month does hair appear on the head of the foetus?	During the fifth month.
257	By the end of about how many weeks is the body covered with fine hair?	By the end of about 24 weeks (end of second trimester).
258	What changes occur by the end of the second trimester?	The body is covered with fine hair, eyelids separate and eyelashes are formed.
259	When is the foetus fully developed and ready for delivery?	By the end of nine months of pregnancy.
260	What is the average duration of human pregnancy called?	Gestation period.
261	What causes expulsion of the foetus at the end of pregnancy?	Vigorous contraction of the uterus.
262	What is parturition?	The process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth).
263	By what mechanism is parturition induced?	A complex neuroendocrine mechanism.
264	From where do the signals for parturition originate?	From the fully developed foetus and the placenta.
265	What are mild uterine contractions induced before childbirth called?	Foetal ejection reflex.
266	Release of which hormone is triggered by the foetal ejection reflex?	Oxytocin.
267	From which gland is oxytocin released during parturition?	Maternal pituitary.
268	On which tissue does oxytocin act?	Uterine muscle.
269	What effect does oxytocin have on the uterus?	It causes stronger uterine contractions.
270	What results from the stimulatory reflex between uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion?	Stronger and stronger contractions.
271	Through which structure is the baby expelled during parturition?	Through the birth canal.
272	What is expelled from the uterus soon after the infant is delivered?	Placenta.
273	When do mammary glands undergo differentiation?	During pregnancy.
274	What is lactation?	Production of milk towards the end of pregnancy.
275	What is the function of lactation?	It helps the mother in feeding the newborn.
276	What is the milk produced during the initial few days of lactation called?	Colostrum.
277	What does colostrum contain?	Several antibodies.
278	Why are the antibodies in colostrum important?	They are essential to develop resistance in newborn babies.
279	Why is breast-feeding during the initial period recommended by doctors?	For bringing up a healthy baby.
280	Which cells line the seminiferous tubules?	Spermatogonia and Sertoli cells.
281	Which cells secrete androgens?	Leydig cells.
282	Name the three layers of the uterus.	Perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium.
283	What are the four parts of a normal human sperm?	Head, neck, middle piece and tail.
284	What is the process of formation of mature female gametes called?	Oogenesis.
285	During each menstrual cycle, how many ova are released?	One ovum.
286	Which chromosome in the sperm determines the sex of the embryo?	Presence of X or Y chromosome.
287	Which structure is implanted in the uterus resulting in pregnancy?	Blastocyst.
288	Which hormones are involved in the neuroendocrine mechanism of parturition?	Cortisol, estrogens and oxytocin.
289	What is the term for feeding milk to the newborn by the mother?	Lactation.
290	Humans reproduce ________.	Sexually.
291	Humans are ________.	Viviparous.
292	Fertilisation in humans is ________.	Internal.
293	Male and female gametes are ________.	Haploid.
294	Zygote is ________.	Diploid.
295	The process of release of ovum from a mature follicle is called ________.	Ovulation.
296	Ovulation is induced by which hormone?	Luteinising hormone (LH).
297	The fusion of male and female gametes is called ________.	Fertilisation.
298	Where does fertilisation take place in humans?	Ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
299	Zygote divides to form ________ which is implanted in the uterus.	Blastocyst.
300	Which structure provides vascular connection between foetus and uterus?	Placenta.
301	What is the function of corpus luteum?	It secretes large amounts of progesterone essential for maintenance of the endometrium.
302	What is the function of endometrium?	It undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle and is necessary for implantation and pregnancy.
303	What is the function of acrosome?	It contains enzymes that help in fertilisation of the ovum.
304	What is the function of sperm tail?	It facilitates sperm motility essential for fertilisation.
305	What is the function of fimbriae?	They help in collection of the ovum after ovulation.
306	Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (True/False)	False. Androgens are produced by Leydig cells.
307	Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/False)	True.
308	Leydig cells are found in ovary. (True/False)	False. Leydig cells are present in the testis.
309	Leydig cells synthesise androgens. (True/False)	True.
310	Oogenesis takes place in corpus luteum. (True/False)	False. Oogenesis occurs in the ovary.
311	Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (True/False)	True.
312	Presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True/False)	True.
313	Which hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation?	LH (Luteinising hormone).
314	Which structure is implanted in the uterus during pregnancy?	Blastocyst.
315	Which type of reproduction occurs in humans?	Sexual reproduction.
316	What is the ploidy of gametes and zygote in humans?	Gametes are haploid, whereas the zygote is diploid.
317	Which structure establishes vascular connection between mother and foetus?	Placenta.
318	Which cells nourish developing spermatozoa?	Sertoli cells.
319	Which cells secrete androgens?	Leydig cells.