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#	Question	Answer
1	State the relation between movement and locomotion.	All locomotions are movements, but all movements are not locomotions.
2	Which cells exhibit amoeboid movement in humans?	Macrophages and leucocytes.
3	What helps passage of ova through the female reproductive tract?	Ciliary movement.
4	Which protist uses flagella for locomotion?	*Euglena*.
5	Name the three types of muscles based on location.	Skeletal, visceral, and cardiac muscles.
6	Why are visceral muscles called smooth muscles?	Because they do not show striations.
7	What is the arrangement pattern of cardiac muscle cells?	Branching pattern.
8	What does each muscle bundle contain?	Muscle fibres.
9	What are myofibrils or myofilaments?	Parallelly arranged filaments present in the sarcoplasm.
10	What does the A-band contain?	Myosin.
11	To which structure are thin filaments attached?	Z-line.
12	What is the H-zone?	Central part of thick filament not overlapped by thin filaments.
13	What are the two main contractile proteins in muscles?	Actin and myosin.
14	Which complex protein is distributed at regular intervals on tropomyosin?	Troponin.
15	What is the head and short arm of meromyosin called?	Heavy meromyosin (HMM).
16	Which theory explains muscle contraction?	Sliding filament theory.
17	Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?	Acetylcholine.
18	What provides energy for cross-bridge formation?	ATP hydrolysis.
19	Which band retains its length during muscle contraction?	A-band.
20	What happens to the Z-lines during muscle relaxation?	They return to their original position.
21	Why are red muscle fibres called aerobic muscles?	They contain many mitochondria and utilise oxygen for ATP production.
22	What constitutes the skeletal system?	Framework of bones and a few cartilages.
23	How many bones are present in the human skeletal system?	206 bones.
24	Into which two sets are skull bones divided?	Cranial bones and facial bones.
25	Name the three ear ossicles.	Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.
26	Where is the vertebral column located?	Dorsally placed along the main axis of the body.
27	Atlas articulates with which structures?	Occipital condyles.
28	How many sacral vertebrae are present in humans?	1 fused sacral vertebra.
29	Why are ribs called bicephalic?	Because each rib has two articulation surfaces on its dorsal end.
30	Which ribs are called floating ribs?	11th and 12th pairs.
31	Name the bones of the forelimb.	Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
32	Which is the longest bone in the human body?	Femur.
33	Which girdle articulates the upper limbs with the axial skeleton?	Pectoral girdle.
34	What is the elevated ridge on scapula called?	Spine.
35	Which bones fuse to form each coxal bone?	Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
36	What acts as a fulcrum during movement?	Joint.
37	How are bones joined in cartilaginous joints?	With the help of cartilage.
38	Which joint is present between humerus and pectoral girdle?	Ball and socket joint.
39	What is Myasthenia gravis?	Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to muscle fatigue, weakness, and paralysis.
40	What is a common cause of osteoporosis?	Decreased estrogen levels.
41	What type of muscles are visceral muscles?	Nonstriated and involuntary muscles.
42	Which band of sarcomere contains thick myosin filaments?	A-band.
43	What leads to muscle relaxation after contraction?	Return of Ca++ ions to sarcoplasmic reticulum.
44	What does the H-zone of a striated muscle fibre represent?	Central part of thick filament not overlapped by thin filament.
45	Which protein forms the thin filament?	Actin.
46	Which girdle articulates the lower limb with the axial skeleton?	Pelvic girdle.
47	Which type of muscle is cardiac muscle?	Striated and involuntary muscle.
48	Which type of joint is present between cranial bones?	Fibrous joint.
49	Where are Ca++ ions stored in muscle fibres?	Sarcoplasmic reticulum.