View all 30 cards in this deck

#	Question	Answer
1	What did Alfonso Corti initially study in his scientific career?	He studied the cardiovascular systems of reptiles.
2	Which field experienced an explosion of knowledge due to reductionist studies?	Molecular biology.
3	On what factors do mechanisms of breathing vary among animals?	Habitats and levels of organisation.
4	Which respiratory organs are used by terrestrial forms?	Lungs (pulmonary respiration).
5	Where are the external nostrils located in humans?	Above the upper lips.
6	What prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing?	Epiglottis.
7	Which structures together comprise the lungs?	Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
8	Which pleural membrane is in contact with the lung surface?	Inner pleural membrane.
9	In which chamber are the lungs situated?	Thoracic chamber.
10	What forms the lower boundary of the thoracic chamber?	Dome-shaped diaphragm.
11	What happens during expiration?	Alveolar air is released out.
12	What happens during contraction of the diaphragm in inspiration?	Thoracic chamber volume increases in the antero-posterior axis.
13	What occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax?	Thoracic and pulmonary volume decrease.
14	Which instrument is used to estimate the volume of air involved in breathing movements?	Spirometer.
15	What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?	Volume of air a person can inspire by forcible inspiration.
16	What is the average Residual Volume (RV) in humans?	1100 mL to 1200 mL.
17	What is Expiratory Capacity (EC)?	Total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration.
18	Which volumes are included in Vital Capacity (VC)?	ERV + TV + IRV.
19	What are the primary sites of exchange of gases?	Alveoli.
20	What is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?	159 mm Hg.
21	What is the thickness of the diffusion membrane?	Much less than a millimetre.
22	Is the binding of oxygen with haemoglobin reversible or irreversible?	Reversible.
23	Which system regulates respiratory rhythm in humans?	Neural system.
24	How does the pneumotaxic centre alter respiratory rate?	By reducing the duration of inspiration.
25	Why do cells utilise oxygen?	For metabolism and production of energy.
26	What occurs during expiration?	Alveolar air is released out.
27	By which process do gases exchange at alveoli and tissues?	Diffusion.
28	Which centre maintains respiratory rhythm?	Respiratory centre in the medulla region of the brain.
29	What is fibrosis?	Proliferation of fibrous tissues.
30	What is tidal volume?	Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration.