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Biology-11 : 11 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - Flashcards

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What are the two major perspectives on biology ?
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One perspective describes life at the organismic and ecological level, while the other describes life at the cellular and molecular level.
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# Question Answer
1 What are the two major perspectives on biology ? One perspective describes life at the organismic and ecological level, while the other describes life at the cellular and molecular level.
2 Why is photosynthesis important? It is the primary source of all food on Earth and is responsible for releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
3 Define photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a physico-chemical process by which green plants use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds.
4 What gas did Joseph Priestley discover in 1774? Oxygen.
5 What were the bubbles observed by Ingenhousz later identified as? Oxygen.
6 Who performed experiments using Cladophora and aerobic bacteria? T.W. Engelmann.
7 Which organisms do not release oxygen during photosynthesis? Some purple and green sulphur bacteria.
8 Which cells in leaves contain a large number of chloroplasts? Mesophyll cells.
9 What are light-driven reactions of photosynthesis called? Light reactions or photochemical reactions.
10 What colour does chlorophyll b appear in a chromatogram? Yellow-green.
11 In which regions of the spectrum does chlorophyll a show maximum absorption? Blue and red regions.
12 What are accessory pigments? Chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and carotenoids.
13 Into how many photosystems are pigments organised? Two photosystems.
14 What is another name for the light harvesting system? Antennae.
15 What is the reaction centre chlorophyll of PS II called? P680.
16 Through what system are electrons transferred after leaving PS II? Through an electron transport system consisting of cytochromes.
17 How are electrons continuously supplied to PS II? By splitting of water molecules.
18 What is phosphorylation? The process through which ATP is synthesised by cells.
19 Which photosystem is absent in the stroma lamellae membranes? PS II.
20 Under what light condition does cyclic photophosphorylation occur? When light of wavelengths beyond 680 nm is available.
21 In respiration, where do protons accumulate in mitochondria? In the intermembrane space.
22 Where is NADP reductase enzyme located? On the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane.
23 What change in pH occurs in the lumen because of proton accumulation? A measurable decrease in pH.
24 What activates ATP synthase enzyme? Diffusion of protons back across the membrane.
25 What is the first stable product identified in the Calvin cycle? 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA).
26 Why were scientists initially searching for a 2-carbon compound as the primary acceptor? Because the first product identified was a 3-carbon acid (PGA).
27 Which is the most crucial step of the Calvin cycle? Carboxylation.
28 Why is RuBP carboxylase also called oxygenase? Because it also possesses oxygenation activity.
29 Which energy-rich molecules produced during light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle? ATP and NADPH.
30 In which cells is PEP present? Mesophyll cells.
31 How many carbon atoms are present in phosphoglycolate? Two carbon atoms.
32 Is the biological function of photorespiration clearly known? No.
33 What are the three aspects of light considered while studying photosynthesis? Light quality, light intensity, and duration of exposure.
34 Which factor is considered the major limiting factor for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide concentration.
35 Through which structures do plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis? Through stomata in the leaves.
36 Where does the chemosynthetic pathway occur in chloroplasts? In the stroma.
37 Which wavelength of light is absorbed by P700? 700 nm.
38 What is created across the thylakoid membrane during electron transport? A proton gradient.
39 Which molecules produced in the light reaction are utilised during the Calvin cycle? ATP and NADPH.
40 Why are shaded leaves darker green? Due to higher chlorophyll content for efficient light absorption.