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#	Question	Answer
1	What is found in the acid-soluble pool?	Thousands of organic compounds.
2	Which inorganic compounds are found in the acid-soluble fraction?	Sulphates and phosphates.
3	Amino acids are substituted forms of which compound?	Methane.
4	Which amino acid is an example of an acidic amino acid?	Glutamic acid.
5	How are amino acids classified based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups?	Acidic, basic and neutral amino acids.
6	What is the structure of a fatty acid?	A carboxyl group attached to an R group.
7	What is glycerol chemically known as?	Trihydroxy propane.
8	What are phospholipids?	Lipids containing phosphorus and a phosphorylated organic compound.
9	What are nucleosides?	Nitrogen bases attached to a sugar.
10	Which nucleic acids function as genetic material?	DNA and RNA.
11	What is the major difference between primary and secondary metabolites?	Primary metabolites have identifiable functions in physiological processes, whereas functions of many secondary metabolites are not fully understood.
12	What are micromolecules?	Biomolecules with molecular weights less than one thousand daltons.
13	What is the most abundant chemical in living organisms?	Water.
14	What percentage of cellular mass is nucleic acids?	5 - 7%.
15	How many types of amino acids occur in proteins?	20 types.
16	Which macromolecule is another major component of the acid-insoluble pellet?	Polysaccharides (carbohydrates).
17	What is glycogen?	A polysaccharide variant found in animals for storage.
18	What are plant cell walls mainly made of?	Cellulose.
19	Which macromolecules together form the true macromolecular fraction of living tissue?	Polynucleotides, polysaccharides and polypeptides.
20	What is RNA?	A nucleic acid containing ribose sugar.
21	Which type of helices are observed in proteins?	Right-handed helices.
22	How many subunits are present in adult human haemoglobin?	Four subunits.
23	How do enzymes catalyse reactions?	Through their active sites.
24	What is a chemical reaction?	A process in which bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
25	By approximately how many times does carbonic anhydrase accelerate the reaction?	About 10 million times.
26	What is formed under normal aerobic conditions?	Pyruvic acid.
27	What is the transition state structure?	The new structure formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme active site.
28	What is activation energy?	The difference in average energy content of substrate and transition state.
29	What happens to the enzyme shape after substrate binding?	The enzyme alters its shape to fit more tightly around the substrate.
30	What is optimum temperature?	The temperature at which an enzyme shows highest activity.
31	What happens to reaction velocity with increase in substrate concentration?	Reaction velocity initially rises.
32	What is a competitive inhibitor?	An inhibitor that resembles the substrate structurally and competes for the substrate-binding site.
33	Into how many major classes are enzymes divided?	Six classes.
34	What are isomerases?	Enzymes catalysing interconversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers.
35	What are prosthetic groups?	Organic compounds tightly bound to the apoenzyme.
36	What are the essential chemical components of many co-enzymes?	Vitamins.
37	Which chemical is the most abundant in living organisms?	Water.
38	What are fats and oils chemically called?	Glycerides (monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides) in which fatty acids are esterified to glycerol.
39	What are proteins made of?	Amino acids.
40	Which polysaccharides serve as storage forms of energy?	Starch and glycogen.
41	What conditions are required for maximal enzyme activity?	Optimum temperature and optimum pH.