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#	Question	Answer
1	Into what are plant cells organised?	Cells are organised into tissues, and tissues are organised into organs.
2	What type of cells make up the epidermis?	Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole.
3	What are guard cells?	Guard cells are two bean-shaped cells that enclose the stomatal pore.
4	What is the function of root hairs?	Root hairs help absorb water and minerals from the soil.
5	What do xylem and phloem together form?	Xylem and phloem together constitute vascular bundles.
6	What is a radial vascular bundle arrangement?	When xylem and phloem are arranged alternately along different radii, the arrangement is called radial.
7	Which layer is the outermost layer in a dicot root?	Epiblema is the outermost layer in a dicot root.
8	What are Casparian strips?	Casparian strips are deposits of water-impermeable waxy suberin present on tangential and radial walls of endodermal cells.
9	What is stele?	All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis, such as pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith, constitute the stele.
10	What structures may be present on the epidermis of a dicot stem?	Trichomes and a few stomata may be present.
11	What type of cells are present below the hypodermis in dicot stems?	Rounded thin-walled parenchymatous cells with conspicuous intercellular spaces are present below the hypodermis.
12	What is characteristic of vascular bundles in dicot stems?	A large number of vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
13	What surrounds each vascular bundle in monocot stems?	Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
14	What special structures are present within vascular bundles of monocot stems?	Water-containing cavities are present within the vascular bundles.
15	What is the function of mesophyll?	Mesophyll possesses chloroplasts and carries out photosynthesis.
16	What does the vascular system of a leaf include?	The vascular system includes vascular bundles present in veins and midrib.
17	How are stomata distributed in isobilateral leaves?	Stomata are present on both surfaces of the epidermis.
18	How is parallel venation reflected in monocot leaves?	Parallel venation is reflected in the near similar sizes of vascular bundles except in the main veins.
19	Name the three tissue systems in plants.	Epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems.
20	How do monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants differ internally?	They differ in type, number, and location of vascular bundles.