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#	Question	Answer
1	What are all angiosperms characterised by despite diversity in morphology?	Presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
2	What is the above-ground part of a flowering plant called?	Shoot system.
3	What type of root system is seen in wheat?	Fibrous root system.
4	Why are standard technical terms and definitions important in biology?	For successful classification and understanding of plants and living organisms.
5	What does the direct elongation of the radicle form in dicotyledonous plants?	Primary root.
6	What type of root system is seen in wheat?	Fibrous root system.
7	Which root type develops directly from the radicle?	Primary root.
8	Which region of the root is responsible for increase in root length?	Region of elongation.
9	What is the stem?	The ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
10	What is the colour of young stems generally?	Green.
11	What is a leaf?	A lateral, generally flattened structure borne on the stem.
12	In what order are leaves arranged?	Acropetal order.
13	What is pulvinus?	A swollen leaf base found in some leguminous plants.
14	What are the functions of veins in leaves?	Provide rigidity and transport water, minerals, and food materials.
15	Which type of venation is characteristic of most monocotyledons?	Parallel venation.
16	What is a pinnately compound leaf?	A compound leaf in which leaflets are present on a common axis called rachis.
17	What is phyllotaxy?	The pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.
18	Give examples of opposite phyllotaxy.	Calotropis and guava.
19	What change occurs in the shoot apical meristem during flower formation?	It changes into floral meristem.
20	What is racemose inflorescence?	Inflorescence in which the main axis continues to grow and flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession.
21	Which floral whorls are accessory organs?	Calyx and corolla.
22	What is an actinomorphic flower?	A flower that can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane through the centre.
23	Give an example of an asymmetric flower.	Canna.
24	What are ebracteate flowers?	Flowers without bracts.
25	What is a perigynous flower?	A flower in which gynoecium is at the centre and other floral parts are on the rim of the thalamus at the same level.
26	Give examples of epigynous flowers.	Guava, cucumber, and ray florets of sunflower.
27	What is polysepalous calyx?	Calyx with free sepals.
28	Name different shapes of corolla mentioned in the text.	Tubular, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, and wheel-shaped.
29	What is twisted aestivation?	One margin of the appendage overlaps the next one in a regular pattern.
30	What are the two main parts of a stamen?	Filament and anther.
31	Give an example of epipetalous stamens.	Brinjal.
32	Give an example of monoadelphous stamens.	China rose.
33	In which plants is variation in filament length seen?	Salvia and mustard.
34	What is the function of the stigma?	It acts as the receptive surface for pollen grains.
35	Give examples of syncarpous flowers.	Mustard and tomato.
36	What is marginal placentation?	Ovules are borne on a ridge formed along the ventral suture of the ovary.
37	What is free central placentation?	Ovules are borne on the central axis and septa are absent.
38	What is a parthenocarpic fruit?	A fruit formed without fertilisation of the ovary.
39	How many seeds are generally present in a drupe?	One seed.
40	What are the parts of the embryo?	Radicle, embryonal axis, and cotyledons.
41	What is micropyle?	A small pore present above the hilum.
42	What are non-endospermic seeds?	Seeds lacking endosperm in mature condition.
43	What is the function of the endosperm in maize seed?	Stores food.
44	Describe the scutellum.	Large and shield-shaped cotyledon.
45	In what sequence is a flowering plant described?	Habit, vegetative characters, floral characters, floral diagram, and floral formula.
46	What information does a floral diagram provide?	Number, arrangement, and relation of floral parts.
47	In which regions is Solanaceae widely distributed?	Tropics, subtropics, and temperate zones.
48	What type of venation is present in Solanaceae leaves?	Reticulate venation.
49	What type of androecium is present in Solanaceae?	Five epipetalous stamens.
50	Which spice belongs to Solanaceae?	Chilli.
51	What are the two major plant systems in flowering plants?	Root system and shoot system.
52	Into what parts is the shoot system differentiated?	Stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
53	What is a flower morphologically?	A modified shoot meant for sexual reproduction.
54	What are the two kinds of seeds mentioned?	Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds.