Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom
50 sample Plant Kingdom flashcard questions and answers for NEET-UG Biology - Class 11, laid out as a readable study sheet. Read them straight on this page, print them, or save them as a PDF using your browser's print dialog.
Showing 50 of 177 questions in this chapter — practice online or download the PDF above for the full deck.
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which groups are discussed under Kingdom Plantae in this chapter? | Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. |
| Why are cyanobacteria no longer considered algae? | Because Monera and Protista members with cell walls have been excluded from Plantae. |
| On what basis did the earliest systems of plant classification work? | Gross superficial morphological characters such as habit, colour, number, and shape of leaves. |
| Which classification system was mainly based on vegetative characters or androecium structure? | The artificial classification system, including the system given by Linnaeus. |
| Why were artificial systems of classification considered unsatisfactory? | They separated closely related species and gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characters. |
| Why are vegetative characters considered less reliable in classification? | Because they are more easily affected by the environment. |
| What are natural classification systems based on? | Natural affinities among organisms. |
| Which scientists proposed a natural classification system for flowering plants? | George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. |
| What is the basis of phylogenetic classification systems? | Evolutionary relationships among organisms. |
| What assumption is made in phylogenetic classification? | Organisms belonging to the same taxa have a common ancestor. |
| What is Numerical Taxonomy based on? | All observable characteristics processed using computers. |
| What is Cytotaxonomy based on? | Cytological information such as chromosome number, structure, and behaviour. |
| What does Chemotaxonomy use for classification? | Chemical constituents of plants. |
| Define algae according to NCERT. | Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, and largely aquatic organisms. |
| Name some habitats where algae are found. | Fresh water, marine water, moist stones, soils, wood, and in association with fungi or animals. |
| How do algae reproduce vegetatively? | By fragmentation. |
| What are zoospores? | Flagellated motile spores involved in asexual reproduction of algae. |
| What is anisogamy? | Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size, as in species of Eudorina. |
| What is oogamy? | Fusion between a large non-motile female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete. |
| Give examples of oogamous algae. | Volvox and Fucus. |
| What proportion of total carbon dioxide fixation on Earth is carried out by algae? | At least half of the total carbon dioxide fixation on Earth is carried out by algae. |
| How do algae help aquatic environments? | They increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. |
| Why are algae considered important primary producers? | They form the basis of the food cycles of all aquatic animals by producing energy-rich compounds. |
| Name some marine algae used as food. | Porphyra, Laminaria, and Sargassum. |
| What are hydrocolloids? | Water-holding substances produced by certain marine brown and red algae. |
| Which algae produce algin and carrageen? | Brown algae produce algin, while red algae produce carrageen. |
| From which algae are agar obtained? | Gelidium and Gracilaria. |
| What are the uses of agar? | Agar is used to grow microbes and in the preparation of ice-creams and jellies. |
| Which unicellular alga is used as a food supplement by space travellers? | Chlorella. |
| What are members of Chlorophyceae commonly called? | Green algae. |
| What forms can the plant body of Chlorophyceae have? | Unicellular, colonial, or filamentous. |
| Which pigments dominate in green algae? | Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. |
| Why are green algae usually grass green in colour? | Due to the dominance of chlorophyll a and b pigments. |
| Name the different shapes of chloroplasts in Chlorophyceae. | Discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral, and ribbon-shaped. |
| What are pyrenoids? | Storage bodies located in chloroplasts that contain protein besides starch. |
| What is the cell wall composition of green algae? | An inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose. |
| How does vegetative reproduction occur in green algae? | By fragmentation. |
| How does asexual reproduction occur in green algae? | By flagellated zoospores produced in zoosporangia. |
| What types of sexual reproduction occur in green algae? | Isogamous, anisogamous, and oogamous. |
| Name some common green algae. | Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulothrix, Spirogyra, and Chara. |
| Where are Phaeophyceae mainly found? | Primarily in marine habitats. |
| Which pigments are present in brown algae? | Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls. |
| Which pigment gives brown algae their characteristic colour? | Fucoxanthin. |
| In brown algae, food is stored in which forms? | Laminarin or mannitol. |
| What is the nature of the cell wall in brown algae? | A cellulosic wall covered externally by a gelatinous coating of algin. |
| What structures are present inside the protoplast of brown algae? | Plastids, a centrally located vacuole, and nucleus. |
| By which structure is the plant body of brown algae attached to the substratum? | Holdfast. |
| Name the three main parts of the brown algal body. | Holdfast, stipe, and frond. |
| What is the function of the frond in brown algae? | It acts as a leaf-like photosynthetic organ. |
| How does vegetative reproduction occur in brown algae? | By fragmentation. |
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